Ukumelana nokugqoka kusho ukumelana nokungqubuzana.

Ingagugi
Ukumelana nokugqoka kusho ukumelana nokungqubuzana.

incazelo:
Iwuhlobo olusha lwempahla enemisebenzi ekhethekile kagesi, kazibuthe, i-optical, i-acoustic, eshisayo, yemishini, yamakhemikhali neyebhayoloji.
Isingeniso
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezingagqoki kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zokusetshenziswa.Iqembu elikhulu lemboni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu liyakhiwa, elinethuba lemakethe elibanzi kakhulu kanye nokubaluleka kwamasu okubaluleke kakhulu.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingagqoki zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezincane ze-microelectronic, izinto ze-optoelectronic, izinzwa, izinto zolwazi, izinto ze-biomedical, izinto zemvelo yemvelo, izinto zamandla, nezinto ezihlakaniphile (ezihlakaniphile) ngokuya ngokusebenza kwazo.Njengoba sibheke izinto zolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi njengesigaba esihlukile sezinto ezintsha, izinto ezintsha ezingagugi okukhulunywe ngazo lapha yizinto eziyinhloko ezingagugi ngaphandle kwezinto zolwazi lwe-elekthronikhi.

umphumela
Izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqokwa ziwumgogodla womkhakha wezinto ezintsha futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni nasekusekeleni ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Emkhakheni wocwaningo lwezinto ezintsha zomhlaba wonke, izinto ezingagugi zenza cishe ama-85%.Ngokufika komphakathi wolwazi, izinto ezikhethekile ezingagqoki zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni nasekusekeleni ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Ziyizinto ezibalulekile emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu njengolwazi, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, amandla, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nesikhala ekhulwini lama-21.Sebephenduke amazwe emhlabeni wonke.Ukugxila kocwaningo nentuthuko emkhakheni wezinto ezintsha nakho kuyisizinda sokuncintisana kwamasu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.

Ucwaningo
Uma kubhekwa isikhundla esibalulekile sezinto zokwakha ezingagqoki, amazwe emhlabeni jikelele abheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ocwaningweni lobuchwepheshe bezinto ezigqokwayo.Ngo-1989, ososayensi baseMelika abangaphezu kuka-200 babhala umbiko othi “Material Science and Materials Engineering ngeminyaka yawo-1990”, bephakamisa ukuthi izinhlobo ezi-5 kweziyi-6 zezinto ezisekelwa uhulumeni ziyizinto ezingagugi.Izinto ezikhethekile ezingagugi kanye nobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo babalwe ingxenye enkulu yombiko "we-American National Key Technology", owawubuyekezwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili kusukela ngo-1995 kuya ku-2001. Ngo-2001, Umbiko Wocwaningo Lwesibikezelo Sezobuchwepheshe Sesikhombisa okhishwe uMnyango Wezemfundo, Isikhungo Socwaningo Lwenqubomgomo Yezamasiko, Ezemidlalo, Isayensi Nobuchwepheshe siklelise izihloko eziyi-100 ezibalulekile ezithinta ikusasa.Izihloko ezingaphezu kwengxenye zaziyizinto ezintsha noma izihloko ezincike ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto ezintsha, futhi eziningi zazo Ezinye ziyizinto ezingagugi.I-European Union's Sixth Framework Programme kanye noHlelo Lukazwelonke LwaseNingizimu Korea lufake ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo obungagugi njengobunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ezinhlelweni zabo zakamuva zokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe ukuze banikeze ukwesekwa okubalulekile.Amazwe wonke agcizelela indima evelele yezinto zokwakha ezingagugi ekuthuthukiseni umnotho wezwe lawo, ukuvikela ukuphepha kwezwe, ukuthuthukisa impilo yabantu kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokuphila kwabantu.

Ukwahlukanisa
Ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo engagugi
Ngokombono webanga lohlelo lokusebenza, imikhiqizo engagugi ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili: ukumelana nokugqokwa kwangaphandle kanye ne-mechanical resistant.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezigayweni zebhola ezimayini zensimbi, izinto zokwakha usimende, ukukhiqiza amandla ashisayo, igesi ye-flue desulfurization, izinto zikazibuthe, amakhemikhali, udaka lwamanzi amalahle, ama-pellets, i-slag, i-ultra-fine powder, umlotha womlotha, i-calcium carbonate, isihlabathi se-quartz nezinye izimboni. .